Other languages would do the same.

I’m not disputing most of what you said. Just saying that in each of the examples, similar events might have happened regardless, but they did things that might have contributed to the causes of the economic shock. Carter’s support for the Shah antagonized a lot of Iranians who theoretically might not have supported Khameni. The Bush admin dropped the ball on security by ignoring red flags. Trump eliminated the pandemic response team in 2018 and tried (unsuccessfully) to cut CDC funding every year including 2020. Each example is more subtle than the tariffs, and in each case things could possibly have turned out the same if they had made different decisions, but the phrasing used was “shocks that have nothing to do with a president’s domestic policy”. OK, in Carter’s case it was foreign policy.

Are those really the three examples they want to use of US presidents having no opportunity to influence events?

The Democratic candidates won at the US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, where a judges’ panel found that the FCC public notice contradicts the plain language of US law that limits the discount to individual candidates.

The Republican campaign committees then filed an emergency motion for a stay that would block the Fourth Circuit ruling, and the Supreme Court granted the stay on Friday. The Supreme Court didn’t rule on the merits of the case but said the Fourth Circuit should not have intervened because the FCC hasn’t made a “final” decision on a challenge filed by the Democratic candidates.

Can anyone explain this? It sounds like the court is saying that FCC can make any rule, and their rule can’t be stopped - even if it is clearly illegal - until after they officially “make a final decision” about someone’s disagreement with them, which they might only do after it’s too late.

Another article says that only one out of nine judges disagreed, so it can’t be entirely based on political party.

Sorting by new? That’s also an algorithm.

I get seasick on boats

Sounds like a good reason to get off the boat for a little while. Maybe go for a dive?